Rabdomiólisis hiponatrémica grave secundaria a paroxetina / No disponible

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[Acute inferior myocardial infarction masking the J wave syndrome. Based on four observations]. / Infarto agudo de miocardio inferior enmascarando el síndrome de la onda J. A propósito de cuatro observaciones.

The J wave syndrome is characterized by a prominent J wave accompanied by ST-segment elevation in the absence of structural heart disease. It includes the benign early repolarization syndrome, the highly arrhythmogenic Brugada syndrome and idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. Although acute coronary syndromes are one of the leading causes of ST-segment deviation, no clinical reports that specifically describe the modulating effects of an ischemic injury current on the ECG manifestations of the J wave syndrome have been found. This report describes four cases of patients with acute inferior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who had J wave (or negative deplacement of the J point) and ST-segment depression in the right precordial leads. Later, these precordial ECG alterations disappeared and were progressively replaced by prominent J (R') waves and anterior ST-segment elevations, suggesting the presence of a J wave syndrome. In conclusion, the J wave syndrome may be obscured by an acute inferior myocardial infarction with concomitant ST-segment depression in the right precordial leads. In such circumstances, early detection of the J wave (or depressed J point) may be used as ECG marker of the early repolarization syndrome or Brugada syndrome.

Infarto agudo de miocardio inferior enmascarando el síndrome de la onda J. A propósito de cuatro observaciones / Acute inferior myocardial infarction masking the J wave syndrome. Based on four observations

El síndrome de la onda J está caracterizado por una onda J prominente acompañada de una elevación del segmento ST en ausencia de una enfermedad cardíaca estructural, e incluye el síndrome benigno de la repolarización precoz y los síndromes arritmogénicos de Brugada y de la fibrilación ventricular idiopática. Aunque los síndromes coronarios agudos son una de las principales causas de desviación del segmento ST, no existen casos clínicos que describan específicamente los efectos moduladores de una corriente de lesión isquémica sobre las manifestaciones electrocardiográficas del síndrome de la onda J. Este artículo describe 4 casos de pacientes con un infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación inferior del ST que tuvieron una onda J (o desplazamiento negativo del punto J) y depresión del segmento ST en las derivaciones precordiales derechas. Después, estas alteraciones precordiales del ECG desaparecieron y fueron progresivamente reemplazadas por ondas J (R') prominentes y elevaciones anteriores del segmento ST sugerentes de la presencia de un síndrome de la onda J. En conclusión, el síndrome de la onda J puede estar oculto por un infarto agudo de miocardio inferior con depresión simultánea del segmento ST en las derivaciones precordiales derechas. En estas circunstancias, la detección precoz de una onda J (o depresión del punto J) puede utilizarse como marcador electrocardiográfico del síndrome de Brugada o de la repolarización precoz

The J wave syndrome is characterized by a prominent J wave accompanied by ST-segment elevation in the absence of structural heart disease. It includes the benign early repolarization syndrome, the highly arrhythmogenic Brugada syndrome and idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. Although acute coronary syndromes are one of the leading causes of ST-segment deviation, no clinical reports that specifically describe the modulating effects of an ischemic injury current on the ECG manifestations of the J wave syndrome have been found. This report describes four cases of patients with acute inferior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who had J wave (or negative deplacement of the J point) and ST-segment depression in the right precordial leads. Later, these precordial ECG alterations disappeared and were progressively replaced by prominent J (R') waves and anterior ST-segment elevations, suggesting the presence of a J wave syndrome. In conclusion, the J wave syndrome may be obscured by an acute inferior myocardial infarction with concomitant ST-segment depression in the right precordial leads. In such circumstances, early detection of the J wave (or depressed J point) may be used as ECG marker of the early repolarization syndrome or Brugada syndrome

Cardiomiopatía de Takotsubo / Takotsubo cardiomyopathy

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Sobredosis de metformina secundaria a insuficienciarenal aguda. A propósito de 6 observaciones / Overdose of metformin secondary to acute renal insufficiency: a report of six cases

La metformina es una biguanida utilizada en el tratamiento de pacientes adultos obesos afectos de una diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que reduce un 36% la mortalidad cuando se compara con el tratamiento convencional. Su administración tiene determinadas contraindicaciones que limitan su utilización y, cuando se hace caso omiso de ellas, especialmente la insuficiencia renal aguda, la metformina se acumula y aparece una acidosis láctica que puede ser fatal. Se presentan 6 pacientes con insuficiencia renal aguda que tuvieron una acidosis metabólica aguda extrema (pH < 6,90 y bicarbonato < 5 mEq/l) e hiato aniónico aumentado mientras recibían tratamiento antidiabético con metformina. El ácido láctico sérico, analizado solamente en los 4 pacientes que sobrevivieron, estuvo elevado. Dos pacientes fallecieron tras presentar una parada cardíaca evitable. En conclusión, la acidosis láctica que aparece durante el tratamiento antidiabético con metformina exige un rápido diagnóstico y tratamiento que permitan retirar el fármaco e iniciar rápidamente una hemofiltración continua o hemodiálisis prolongadas con bicarbonato

Metformin is a biguanide used in the treatment of obese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus; metformin decreases mortality by 36% in comparison to conventional treatment. Metformin administration has certain contraindications that, when ignored, especially in the case of acute renal insufficiency, leads to the accumulation of the drug and consequent lactic acidosis that can be fatal. We present 6 patients with acute renal insufficiency that experienced extreme acute metabolic acidosis (pH < 6.90 and bicarbonate < 5 mEq/l) and increased anion gap while receiving metformin for the treatment of diabetes. Serum lactic acid, only evaluated in the 4 patients that survived, was high. Two patients died after cardiac arrest that could have been avoided. In conclusion, lactic acidosis appearing during metformin treatment for diabetes requires rapid diagnosis and treatment to enable the drug to be withdrawn and prolonged continuous hemofiltration or hemodialysis with bicarbonate to be initiated

[Overdose of metformin secondary to acute renal insufficiency: a report of six cases]. / Sobredosis de metformina secundaria a insuficiencia renal aguda. A propósito de 6 observaciones.

Metformin is a biguanide used in the treatment of obese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus; metformin decreases mortality by 36% in comparison to conventional treatment. Metformin administration has certain contraindications that, when ignored, especially in the case of acute renal insufficiency, leads to the accumulation of the drug and consequent lactic acidosis that can be fatal. We present 6 patients with acute renal insufficiency that experienced extreme acute metabolic acidosis (pH <6.90 and bicarbonate <5 mEq/l) and increased anion gap while receiving metformin for the treatment of diabetes. Serum lactic acid, only evaluated in the 4 patients that survived, was high. Two patients died after cardiac arrest that could have been avoided. In conclusion, lactic acidosis appearing during metformin treatment for diabetes requires rapid diagnosis and treatment to enable the drug to be withdrawn and prolonged continuous hemofiltration or hemodialysis with bicarbonate to be initiated.

Alternancia del segmento ST y de la onda T durante la isquemia miocárdica transmural / ST segment and T wave alternance during transmural myocardial ischemia

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Edema cerebral difuso y pseudo-hemorragia subaracnoidea en un paciente con síndrome compartimental abdominal por peritonitis aguda / Diffuse cerebral edema and pseudo-subarachnoid hemorrhaging in a patient with abdominal compartment syndrome due to acute peritonitis

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Síndromes coronarios agudos con elevación simultánea del segmento ST en derivaciones inferiores y precordiales. Réplica / Acute coronary syndromes with simultaneous ST segment elevation in inferior and precordial leads. Reply

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Rotura esplénica espontánea como complicación de una pancreatitis aguda / Spontaneous splenic rupture as a complication of acute pancreatitis

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Gangrena gaseosa espontánea del páncreas y neumoperitoneo sin perforación visceral por Clostridium perfringens / Spontaneous gaseous gangreneof the pancreas and pneumoperitoneumwithout visceral perforation dueto Clostridium perfringens

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